Title: Ion loss on Mars caused by the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability

Author(s): Penz T, Erkaev NV, Biernat HK, Lammer H, Amerstorfer UV, Gunell H, Kallio E, Barabash S, Orsini S, Milillo A, Baumjohann W

Source: PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE 52 (13): 1157-1167 NOV 2004

Document Type: Article

Language: English

Abstract: Mars Global Surveyor detected cold electrons above the Martian ionopause, which can be interpreted as detached ionospheric plasma clouds. Similar observations by the Pioneer Venus Orbiter electron temperature probe showed also extreme spatial irregularities of electrons in the form of plasma clouds on Venus, which were explained by the occurrence of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. Therefore, we suggest that the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability may also detach ionospheric plasma clouds on Mars. We investigate the instability growth rate at the Martian ionopause resulting from the flow of the solar wind for the case where the interplanetary magnetic field is oriented normal to the flow direction. Since the velocity shear near the subsolar point is very small, this area is stable with respect to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. We found that the highest flow velocities are reached at the equatorial flanks near the terminator plane, while the maximum plasma density in the terminator plane appears at the polar areas. By comparing the instability growth rate with the magnetic barrier formation time, we found that the instability can evolve into a non-linear stage at the whole terminator plane but preferably at the equatorial flanks. Escape rates of O+ ions due to detached plasma clouds in the order of about 2 x 10(23)-3 x 10(24) s(-1) are found. Thus, atmospheric loss caused by the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability should be comparable with other non-thermal loss processes. Further, we discuss our results in view of the expected observations of heavy ion loss rates by ASPERA-3 on board of Mars Express. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Author Keywords: Mars; magnetohydrodynamics; instabilities; atmospheric loss

KeyWords Plus: SOLAR-WIND INTERACTION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; VENUS IONOPAUSE; LARMOR RADIUS; MHD; IONOSPHERE; PLASMA; MODEL; SIMULATION; MAGNETOPAUSE

Addresses: Penz T (reprint author), Graz Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Univ Pl 5, Graz, A-8010 Austria
Graz Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Graz, A-8010 Austria
Graz Univ, Inst Geophys Astrophys & Meteorol, Graz, A-8010 Austria
Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, Graz, A-8042 Austria
Russian Acad Sci, Inst Computat Modelling, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia
Swedish Inst Space Phys, Kiruna, SE-98128 Sweden
Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki, FIN-00101 Finland
CNR, Inst Fis Spazio Interplanetaro, Rome, I-00133 Italy

E-mail Addresses: thomas.penz@stud.uni-graz.at

Publisher: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND

Subject Category: ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

IDS Number: 873VW