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The biggest problems of mankind are the global problems nowadays. They are studied all over the world with increasing attencion, because they have effect upon life and future of everyone of us. Although there exist many opinions on global problems, there is one thing common for all. The global problems are above all the questions of the war and peace, population growth, profiting of energetic sources, environmental protection, problems of hunger and destitution in backward developing countries and many others. What comes into existence here is a list of consequential problems, which lie heavy on our planet.


The question of the war and peace stands doubtless in foreground, because the descent has very big influence on conditions of a state or continent. The whole social and economic life is reduced to the war. Damages of war can be solved for many years. Big casualties on humans lives and destruction of natural area can be hardly put in order.


In spite of these knowledge new arms are being produced. They have more destroying power. Among states owning nuclear weapons belong U.S.A., Great Britain, France, Russia and China.


(The magazine Development Forum (1984) edited by OSN, has brought the news about the meeting in Washington, concerning ecological consequences of contingent nuclear conflict. Scientists builded on computers models and by using bombs of force 5000 Mt. of TNT. Perhaps one week after starting conflict, there would be a dusty cloud on the northean. The whole sunrises would be caught and sent back. There would be a nuclear winter on the north hemisphere. The animals would be dying from the thirst, because of all waters would get frozen. The absence of sunshining would have catastrophical consequences for the whole biosphere. The radioactive cloud would spread in the direction of south hemisphere. The tropical forests and culture would be hit the worst. It’s completely clear that the consequences would be damaged for the whole mankind. Only the fragment of people would survive.)


Another world problem is growing of population. There have been already some laws in countries with such a problem. Anyway, there will be about over six milliard inhabitants on the Earth in 2000. The number of people suffering by famine would rise up.


People would have to solve such problems like securing medical needs, supplying food, energy and at first water. The most difficult problem with water is closely connected to environment. Although civilization has brought a lot of advantages for mankind, some of the products harm and pollute the surrounding around us. The main sources of polluting water are for example insecticides, radioactive waste, poisoned stuff, heavy metals, oils and fuels with hydrocarbon. Acid rain comes into the ground, which hardly damage drinking water. (The lower waters in Scandinavian are so polluted that using of water was prohibited in some areas.) The surface waters are also damaged. (Rivers of Columbia are hit by strong industrial pollution.) Not even world oceans will not escape from a slow damage. Biologists found some poisoned matters in bodies of sea animals. When accidents happen to oil tankers, oil spreads over the sea. The floating oil ruins beaches and kills wildlife.

(In 80s the tanker Exon Valdez crashed. About 40 milion liters of oil were poured out into the sea. The coast was polluted. Thousands of animals has died by this accident.)


People living in towns do not even mention the polluted air they breathe. Recently the ozone lazes has been getting slimmer. The consequences of ozone holes are very bad. Through these holes come the ultraviolet rays. The vegetation grows up much slower. Human immunity is getting weak and it is endangered with cancer of skin because the UV rays. We have to protect our skin by using creams with UV filters. The air is polluted by car and lorry exhausts, coal/fired power stations and industrial plants burning fossil fuels. Some of the substances (sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, CFCs, methan and water vapour) can cause major changes in the environment. They can lead to climate changes.

 

We have to speak also about the green house effect. Heat from the sun reaches the earth, but pollution in the atmosphere prevents it escaping back into space, and the temperature of the atmosphere rises. Trees and plants help to take gases such as carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, but we have now destroyed too many trees. There were rain forests on the earth that covered more than onesixth of the world´s land a few thousand years ago. But about half of these forests have been cut down and today about thirty acres disappear every single minute of the day. And that is not very good, because the rain forests are said to be „ The lungs of the earth“ and if we destroy them our planet will not be able to breathe.

 

Scientists think that something very serious is happening to the world weather. They think that the globe may get warmer, because there are a number of strange weather patterns occuring like the six hottest years have occured in the 1980s and 1990 is the sixth. And there have been very strange droughts and floods. The tropical storms all over the world may also became stronger. For example the hurricane Gilbert was one of the most powerful hurricanes in the Western Hemisphere last century. Also the winds of over 200 km per hour hit south America. The polar ice may become to melt. In fact it has already started. In autumn 1987 an iceberg more than twice the size of Luxembourg broke off Antarctica.

 

Animals may suffer more than anybody else because their natural habitat will probably disappear. And they would find it more difficult to exist when their habitat dissapears. Some kinds of animals are endangered. They slowly become extinct. because they have been crowded out of their natural habitats by development and slaughtered. I mean for example rhinos (they were slaughtered by the millions for their horns), red wolfs, florida panthers, california condors or pandas. To protect these endangered species the internationally financed antipoaching programs were stepped up in many places. There are some organizations working to help save animals in danger and many countries have national parks, animal reserves, and other places where the land and the wildlife are protected.

 

Big biological systems like soil, woods and meadows are overloaded nowadays. Because of higher consumption of energy there is also higher damage of nature. The natural sources will be exhausted in the future. People would have to look for some other sources of energy. First of all people should try to use alternative sources of energy such as solar, water and wind.




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