Keywords
PROTOZOAN TRICHOMONAS-VAGINALIS,
CYTOSOLIC MALATE-DEHYDROGENASE, PROTIST TRICHOMONAS, ANAEROBIC PROTOZOAN, PURIFICATION,
FETUS, FERREDOXIN, METRONIDAZOLE, MITOCHONDRIA, ACQUISITION Tritrichomonas foetus,
iron, carbohydrate metabolism, hydrogenosome, transcription
Abstract:
The main function of the hydrogenosome, a typical organelle of trichomonads,
is to convert malate or pyruvate to H-2, CO2 and acetate by a pathway associated
with ATP synthesis. This pathway relies on activity of iron-sulfur proteins
such as pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR), hydrogenase and ferredoxin.
To examine the effect of iron availability on proper hydrogenosomal function,
the metabolic activity of the hydrogenosome and expression of hydrogenosomal
enzymes were compared in Tritrichomonas foetus maintained under iron-rich (150
muM iron nitrilotriacetate) or iron-restricted (180 muM 2,2-dipyridyl) conditions
in vitro. The activities of PFOR and hydrogenase, and also production of acetate
and H-2, were markedly decreased or absent in iron-restricted trichomonads.
Moreover a decrease in activity of the hydrogenosomal malic enzyme, which is
a non-Fe-S protein, was also observed. Impaired function of hydrogenosomes under
iron-restricted conditions was compensated for by activation of the cytosolic
pathway, mediating conversion of pyruvate to ethanol via acetaldehyde. This
metabolic switch was fully reversible. Production of hydrogen by iron-restricted
trichomonads was restored to the level of organisms grown under iron-rich conditions
within 3 h after addition of 150 muM iron nitrilotriacetate. Protein analysis
of purified hydrogenosomes from iron-restricted cells showed decreased levels
of proteins corresponding to PFOR, malic enzyme and ferredoxin. Accordingly,
these cells displayed decreased steady-state level and synthesis of mRNAs encoding
PFOR and hydrogenosomal malic enzyme. These data demonstrate that iron is essential
for function of the hydrogenosome, show its involvement in the expression of
hydrogenosomal proteins and indicate the presence of iron-dependent control
of gene transcription in Tf. foetus.
ISSN 1350-0872
IF 2,732
UK